Select the proposition that is a tautology. a. (p ^ q) → p b.(p ∨ q) → p с. (р ^ q) → р d. (p ^ q) → p

Answers

Answer 1

The proposition that is a tautology is d. (p ^ q) → p. In a tautology, the truth value of the proposition is always true, regardless of the truth values of its individual components.

To determine if a proposition is a tautology, we can construct a truth table and evaluate all possible combinations of truth values for its variables.

For option d, (p ^ q) → p, we have the following truth table:

p q (p ^ q) (p ^ q) → p

T T T T

T F F T

F T F T

F F F T

The proposition that is a tautology is d. (p ^ q) → p.

In a tautology, the truth value of the proposition is always true, regardless of the truth values of its individual components. To determine if a proposition is a tautology, we can construct a truth table and evaluate all possible combinations of truth values for its variables.

For option d, (p ^ q) → p, we have the following truth table:

p q (p ^ q) (p ^ q) → p

T T T T

T F F T

F T F T

F F F T

As we can see, regardless of the truth values of p and q, the proposition (p ^ q) → p always evaluates to true. Therefore, option d is a tautology.

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Related Questions

number 3 please help me​

Answers

F(x) = 2
F(x) = 3x - 1
2 = 3x - 1
3x = 3, x = 1

Solution: x = 1

Answer:

D. {1}

Explanation:

given f(x) = 3x - 1

for f(x) = 2

3x - 1 = 2

3x = 2 + 1

3x = 3

x = 3/3

x = 1

if k is a positive integer, find the radius of convergence, R, of the series [infinity]Σ (n!)^k+3 / ((k + 3)n)! x^n n = 0 . R =

Answers

For any positive integer k, the radius of convergence R is: If k ≥ -2, R = 0 (the series diverges for all x). If k < -2, R = ∞ (the series converges for all x).

To find the radius of convergence,

R, of the series Σ[tex][n!^{k+3} / ((k + 3)n)!][/tex][tex]x^n[/tex]  (n = 0 to infinity),

we can use the ratio test.

Step 1: Apply the ratio test

Consider the ratio of consecutive terms:

L = [tex]\lim_{n \to \infty}[/tex] |[tex](n+1)!^{k+3}[/tex] / ((k + 3)(n + 1))!| / [tex]n!^{k+3}[/tex]/ ((k + 3)n)!|

= [tex]\lim_{n \to \infty}[/tex] |[tex](n+1)!^{k+3}[/tex] / [tex]n!^{k+3}[/tex] × ((k + 3)n)! / ((k + 3)(n + 1))!|

= [tex]\lim_{n \to \infty}[/tex] |[tex]n+1^{k+3}[/tex]/ ((k + 3)(n + 1))|

Step 2: Simplify the ratio

L =[tex]\lim_{n \to \infty}[/tex][tex]|(n + 1)^k / (k + 3)|[/tex]

= ∞ if k ≥ -2 (the limit diverges)

= 0 if k < -2 (the limit converges to 0)

Step 3: Determine the radius of convergence

According to the ratio test, the series converges if L < 1,

and diverges if L > 1.

Since the limit L depends on the value of k,

the radius of convergence R varies accordingly:

If k ≥ -2, the series diverges for all values of x.

If k < -2, the series converges for all values of x.

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Which of the following is equal to the expression listed below?
18 + 12
OA. 6(3+2)
OB. (6 x 3)(6 x 2)
OC. 6+ (3 x 2)
OD. (6 + 3)(6 + 2)

Answers

Answer:

OA

Step-by-step explanation:

18+12=30

6×3=18

6×2=12

18+12=30

hope this helps

Answer:

Which of the following is equal to the expression listed below?

18 + 12

OA. 6(3+2)

OB. (6 x 3)(6 x 2)

OC. 6+ (3 x 2)

OD. (6 + 3)(6 + 2)

Step-by-step explanation:

the answer is (B)

I've got a problem and I need solving! Please find the answer.​

Answers

Answer: x= 4y/7 - 1/7

7x/4+ 1/4

Step-by-step explanation:

Given this higher ODE, use the reduction of HODE via systems of ODE and find the general nonhomogeneous solution y" – 2y' – y + 2 = 0

Answers

The general nonhomogeneous solution for the given higher-order differential equation, y" – 2y' – y + 2 = 0, can be found by reducing it to a system of first-order differential equations (HODE) and solving the resulting system.

To reduce the higher-order differential equation to a system of first-order differential equations, we introduce two new variables, u and v. We let u = y' and v = y''. By taking the derivatives of these new variables, we have u' = y'' and v' = y'''.

Substituting these expressions into the original equation, we obtain the following system of first-order differential equations:

u' = v
v' = 2u + v - 2

Now, we can solve this system using standard techniques. The characteristic equation associated with this system is r^2 - r - 2 = 0, which factors as (r - 2)(r + 1) = 0. Hence, the eigenvalues of the system are λ₁ = 2 and λ₂ = -1.

For λ₁ = 2, we find the corresponding eigenvector to be [1, 0]. For λ₂ = -1, the eigenvector is [1, -2].

The general solution of the homogeneous system is given by:
u(t) = c₁e^(2t) + c₂e^(-t)
v(t) = c₁e^(2t) + (-2c₁ + c₂)e^(-t)

To find the particular solution, we assume a solution in the form of u_p = At and v_p = Bt + C. Substituting this into the system, we obtain A = -3 and C = -1.

Therefore, the general nonhomogeneous solution to the given higher-order differential equation is:
y(t) = c₁e^(2t) + c₂e^(-t) - 3t - 1.

By reducing the given higher-order differential equation to a system of first-order differential equations and solving the resulting system, we found the general nonhomogeneous solution to be y(t) = c₁e^(2t) + c₂e^(-t) - 3t - 1.

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find the general solution of the indicated differential equation. If possible, find an explicit solution. 1. y =xy 2. xy =2y 3. y =e
x−y 4. y =(1+y 2)e x5. y =xy+y 6. y =ye x −2e x +y−2 7. y =x/(y+2) 8. y =xy/(x−1) 9. x 2 y =ylny−y 10. xy −y=2x 2y 11. y 3y =x+2y 12. y =(2xy+2x)/(x 2−1)

Answers

The general solution of the differential equation y = xy is y = C[tex]e^{(x^2/2)[/tex], where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation xy = 2y is y = Cx², where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y = [tex]e^x[/tex] − y is y = C[tex]e^x[/tex] + [tex]e^{(2x)[/tex], where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y = (1 + y²)[tex]e^x[/tex] is y = tan(C + [tex]e^x[/tex]), where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y = xy + y is y = [tex]Ce^{(x^2/2)[/tex] − x, where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y = y[tex]e^x[/tex] − 2[tex]e^x[/tex] + y − 2 is y = C[tex]e^x[/tex] − 2[tex]e^x[/tex] + 2, where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y = x/(y + 2) is y² + 2y − x = 0. It is a quadratic equation that does not have an explicit solution.The general solution of the differential equation y = xy/(x − 1) is y = C(x − 1), where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation x²y = yln(y) − y is y = [tex]e^{(W(C/x^2))[/tex], where W is the Lambert W function and C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation xy − y = 2x²y is y = [tex]Ce^{(x^2/2)[/tex], where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y³ − y = x + 2y is y = [tex](x + C)^{(1/2)[/tex], where C is a constant.The general solution of the differential equation y = (2xy + 2x)/(x² − 1) is y = C(x − 1) + 1, where C is a constant.

The equations you mentioned:

1. y = xy:

To solve this differential equation, we can separate the variables and integrate both sides.

dy/y = x dx

Integrating both sides gives:

ln|y| = (1/2)x² + C

Exponentiating both sides gives the general solution:

|y| = [tex]e^{((1/2)x^2 + C)[/tex]

Taking the positive and negative values of y, we get two branches of solutions:

y = [tex]Ae^{(1/2)x^2[/tex] and y = [tex]-Ae^{(1/2)x^2[/tex], where A is an arbitrary constant.

2. xy = 2y:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

xy - 2y = 0

Factoring out y, we have:

y(x - 2) = 0

This equation has two solutions:

y = 0 and x - 2 = 0, which leads to x = 2.

3. y = [tex]e^x[/tex] - y:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

y + y = [tex]e^x[/tex]

Combining like terms, we have:

2y = [tex]e^x[/tex]

Dividing both sides by 2, we get:

y = (1/2)[tex]e^x[/tex]

4. y = (1 + y²)[tex]e^x[/tex]:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

y - y² = [tex]e^x[/tex]

Factoring out y, we have:

y(1 - y) = [tex]e^x[/tex]

This equation has two solutions:

y = 0 and 1 - y = [tex]e^x[/tex], which leads to y = 1 - [tex]e^x[/tex].

5. y = xy + y:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

y - xy - y = 0

Combining like terms, we have:

-xy = 0

This equation has two solutions:

x = 0 and y = 0.

6. y = y[tex]e^x[/tex] - 2[tex]e^x[/tex] + y - 2:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

y[tex]e^x[/tex] - y = 2[tex]e^x[/tex]- 2

Factoring out y, we have:

y([tex]e^x[/tex] - 1) = 2([tex]e^x[/tex] - 1)

Dividing both sides by ([tex]e^x[/tex] - 1), we get:

y = 2

7. y = x/(y + 2):

Rearranging the equation, we get:

y(y + 2) = x

Expanding the equation, we have:

y² + 2y - x = 0

This equation doesn't have a general solution in terms of elementary functions. It can be solved numerically or using approximation methods.

8. y = xy/(x - 1):

Rearranging the equation, we get:

(x - 1)y = xy

Dividing both sides by y and rearranging, we have:

x - 1 = x/y

Solving for y, we get:

y = x/(x - 1)

9. x²y = ylny - y:

This is a nonlinear differential equation that doesn't have a general solution in terms of elementary functions. It can be solved numerically or using approximation methods.

10. xy - y = 2x²y:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

xy - 2x²y - y = 0

Factoring out y, we have:

y(x - 2x² - 1) = 0

This equation has two solutions:

y = 0 and x - 2x² - 1 = 0, which leads to x = (1 ± √3)/2.

11. y - 3y² = x + 2y:

Rearranging the equation, we get:

-3y² + y + 2y - x = 0

Combining like terms, we have:

-3y² + 3y - x = 0

This equation doesn't have a general solution in terms of elementary functions. It can be solved numerically or using approximation methods.

12. y = (2xy + 2x)/(x² - 1):

Rearranging the equation, we get:

y(x² - 1) = 2xy + 2x

Expanding the equation, we have:

x²y - y = 2xy + 2x

Combining like terms, we get:

x²y - 2xy - y - 2x = 0

This equation doesn't have a general solution in terms of elementary functions. It can be solved numerically or using approximation methods.

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Matt tried to evaluate 49 x 24 using partial products. His work is shown below

Answers

Answer:

step 5

Step-by-step explanation:

Un terreno cuadrado tiene una superficie de 900 metros cuadrados. ¿Cuántos metros lineales de alambre se necesitan para cercarlo?

Answers

Respuesta:

120 metros

Explicación paso a paso:

Dado que:

Área del lote cuadrado = 900 m²

Área, A de cuadrado = s²

Donde, s = longitud del lado

s² = 900

Toma el cuadrado de ambos lados

s = raíz cuadrada (900)

s = 30

Se requiere metro lineal de alambre para cercar, el lote será el perímetro del lote cuadrado;

El perímetro del lote cuadrado = 4s

Por eso,

Perímetro del lote cuadrado = 4 * 30

Perímetro del lote cuadrado = 120 m

Jay is decorating a cake for a friend's birthday. They want to put gumdrops around the edge of the cake which has a 12 in diameter. Each gumdrop has a diameter of 1.25 in. To the nearest gumdrop, how many will they need?

Answers

Answer:

The nearest gumdrop required will be 30.

Step-by-step explanation:

We will find the circumference of the cake which has 12 inches diameter

Radius = diameter / 2 = 12 / 2 = 6 inches

C = 2 x 3.14 x radius

C = 2 x 3.14 x 6 = 37.68 inches

The gum drop dia = 1.25 inches

The total gum drops required to cover 37.68 inches = 37.68 / 1.25 = 30.144

The nearest gumdrop required will be 30.

Which of the following is true? O (LS - ES) >= 0 O (LF-LS) > (EF - ES) Slack = (LF-LS)

Answers

The answer option that is true include the following: D. Slack = (LF-LS).

What is project management?

Project management is a strategic process that involves the design, planning, developing, leading and execution of a project plan or activities, especially by using a set of skills, knowledge, tools, techniques and experience to achieve the set goals and objectives of creating a unique product or service.

Under project management, the slack of a project can be calculated by taking the difference between the activity's latest start and earliest start time.

In this context, the slack of a project is the difference between its latest finishing time (LF) and earliest finishing time (LS):

Slack = (LF - LS)

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What value does the 2 represent in the number 0.826

Answers

I think it’s the Tens?

Answer:

.02

Step-by-step explanation:

Find the next two terms in
the sequence 11, 7, 3,-1,​

Answers

Answer:

The next term will be -5.

Step-by-step explanation:

This is actually an AP with a = 11 and common difference d = -4.

Therefore next term will be -1 - 4 = -5

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

The numbers in this sequence come by subtracting 4 so

11, 7, 3, - 1, - 5, - 9, - 13

Please help I really need it, I don’t know what to do

Answers

Answer:

i think it is b

Step-by-step explanation:

answer is B. why? because when distributing to the (x-1), it becomes -x + 2 when multiplied by the -2 on the outside

EASY POINTS!! INCLUDE A DISC!!
pls no bots i don't want any links :(

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

[tex]180 - 35 - 65 = \\ = 145 - 65 = \\ = 80[/tex]

Answer:

i BELIVE it will be 50 I’m super sorry if I’m wrong lovly.

Step-by-step explanation:

What is the surface area of the prism below?
A
216 ft2

B
312 ft2

C
432 ft2

D
10,800 ft2

Answers

the answer is C 432 ft 2

jessica made $234 for 13 hours of work. At the same rate, how many hours would she have to work to make $162?

Answers

Answer: 9 hours

We would get:

1 hour of work = $18

162 divided by 18 = 9

So she would have to work 9 hours

Answer:

9 hours

Step-by-step explanation:

Step One: A rate is the same thing as ratio. This just means that there is a proportion. For example, for every 3 dogs, there are 4 cats. This would mean that for 6 dogs there are 8 cats, and so on.

Step Two: Okay, because these numbers are larger, it is easiest to scale it back to one. The proportion or rate given is $234/13 hours. We would divide by 13 to get it to 1: $18/1 hour. The proportion is usually a decimal, but these numbers happen to divide nicely.

Step Three: Now, we can do 162/18 to see what the scale is, or how much times larger it is: 162/18=9.

Step Four: Lastly, just do 1 times 9, which tells it is 9 hours. To check the work, make sure 9 is less than the original proportion; it should take less time to make less money. 9 is less than 13, so this is the answer!

10.
Consider the two properties that you would use to solve an equation like 3x + 5 = 26. Which of the following is true?


A. The standard method for solving an equation like 3x + 5 = 26 is to use the Multiplication Property of Equality and then the Division Property of Equality.

B. The standard method for solving an equation like 3x + 5 = 26 is to use the Division Property of Equality and then the Subtraction Property of Equality.

C. The standard method for solving an equation like 3x + 5 = 26 is to use the Subtraction Property of Equality and then the Division Property of Equality.

D. The standard method for solving an equation like 3x + 5 = 26 is to use the Subtraction Property of Equality and then the Addition Property of Equality.

Answers

Answer:

The standard method for solving an equation like 3x + 5 = 26 is to use the Subtraction Property of Equality and then the Division Property of Equality.

Step-by-step explanation:

To solve, you subtract both sides by 5 first. Then you divide both sides by 3 to isolate the x.

The members of a drama club sold tickets to a school play.
Each student ticket (s) costs $5.
Each adult ticket (a) costs $7.
28 more student tickets were sold than adult tickets.
The total amount of ticket sales was $800.
Which equation can be used to determine the number of adult tickets sold:
a
5(a + 28) + 75 = 800
b
5(a + 28) + 7a = 800
5(S + 28) + 7 a = 800
d
5(5 + 28) + 75 = 800

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

28*5 115 sub 115 from 800 then divide 685 by 5 then add 7 into that number 28 times

i F 49x ²b = (7x +1/2)(7x-1/2)
then Find the value b.​

Answers

Answer:

0

Step-by-step explanation:

Apply Only the Outside and Inside Method of the Foil Method.

[tex]7 \times - \frac{1}{2} = - 3.5x[/tex]

[tex] \frac{1}{2} \times 7x = 3.5x[/tex]

Add them together

[tex] - 3.5x + 3.5x = 0[/tex]

So our b value is 0.

help lol..............

Which table below does not represent a function?

Answers

Answer:

Option 2

Step-by-step explanation:

if an input produces more than one output, the table does not represent a function.

Solve each equation mentally​

Answers

1. x=2
2. X=100
3. X=100
4.-1

why do i have depression

Answers

Answer:

are u ok tho

Step-by-step explanation:

In a correlated t test, if the independent variable has no effect, the sample diff ores are a random sample from a population where the mean difference score (μ d) equals______
a. 0 b. 1 c. N d. cannot be determined

Answers

The correct answer i.e. mean difference is (a) 0.

What is the mean difference?

The mean difference is a statistical measure that represents the average difference between pairs of values in a dataset. It is calculated by taking the sum of all the differences and dividing it by the total number of pairs.

To calculate the mean difference, follow these steps:

Identify the pairs of values in your dataset for which you want to calculate the difference.

Calculate the difference between each pair of values.

Sum up all the differences.

Divide the sum by the total number of pairs.

In a correlated t-test, the null hypothesis assumes that the mean difference between paired observations is zero, indicating no effect of the independent variable. Therefore, if the independent variable has no effect, the sample difference scores are expected to be a random sample from a population where the mean difference score, denoted as μd, equals 0.

Hence, the correct answer is (a) 0.

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A trap to catch fruit flies uses a cone in a jar. The cone is shown with a height of 10 centimeters (cm) and a radius of 6 centimeters (cm.)
a. What is the volume of the​ cone? Write your answer in terms of pi.
b. Explain why an answer in terms of pi is more accurate than an answer that uses 3.14 for pi.

Answers

Answer:

120 pi

Step-by-step explanation:

a. 1/3pi(6)^2(10)

just plug them into the calculator using pi.

b. pi is more accurate because you aren't round to 3.14. If you use 3.14 your answer will be rounded and not an exact number.

The volume of the cone is 120π.

Because 3.14 is an approximation to π which is accurate to about one twentieth of a percent.

What is the volume of the cone?

The volume of the cone is;

[tex]\rm Volume \ of \ cone=\dfrac{1}{3}\pi r^2h\\\\Where \ r= radius , \ h = height[/tex]

A trap to catch fruit flies uses a cone in a jar.

The cone is shown with a height of 10 centimeters (cm) and a radius of 6 centimeters (cm.)

1. The volume of the cone is;

[tex]\rm Volume \ of \ cone=\dfrac{1}{3}\pi r^2h\\\\ Volume \ of \ cone=\dfrac{1}{3}\times \pi \times 6^2\times 10\\\\ Volume \ of \ cone=\dfrac{1}{3}\times \pi \times 36\times 10\\\\ Volume \ of \ cone=120\pi \\\\[/tex]

The volume of the cone is 120π.

2. Because 3.14 is an approximation to π which is accurate to about one twentieth of a percent.

If you are dealing with everyday physical measurements, this accuracy for π will likely exceed the accuracy of your measurement (such as your height to within a millimetre or four hundredths of an inch!). Hence a calculated answer would not be more accurate than if you simply used 3.14 or, just to be sure, 3.142.

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Perform the indicated operation. 5/17 x 3/8

Answers

Answer:

15/

x

136

Step-by-step explanation:

im pretty sure

Answer:

0.11

Step-by-step explanation:

The desirable answer would be 0.11029411∞, and it would go on forever. Therefore, by rounding the designated number above, thou shall get 0.11.

I hope this is of good use.

help plz ? Mark brainliest?

Answers

Answer:

-1(3x^2) +4x-7

Step-by-step explanation:

grouping

Describe The Steps Involved In Expanding -3(X² - 4x + 2) + 4(X + 1).

Answers

Expanding the expression -3(X² - 4x + 2) + 4(X + 1) involves using the distributive property to multiply each term inside the parentheses by the coefficient outside the parentheses. The resulting expression is simplified by combining like terms and the result is -3X² + 16x - 2.

To expand the given expression, we apply the distributive property. We start by multiplying -3 by each term inside the parentheses: -3(X²) - 3(-4x) - 3(2).

Similarly, we multiply 4 by each term inside the second set of parentheses: 4(X) + 4(1).

The next step is to simplify each multiplication. -3(X²) results in -3X², -3(-4x) simplifies to +12x, and -3(2) simplifies to -6.

Similarly, 4(X) simplifies to 4X, and 4(1) simplifies to 4.

Now, we can combine like terms by adding or subtracting them. In this case, we have -3X² + 12x - 6 + 4X + 4.

Combining the like terms 12x and 4X gives us 16x.

The expression becomes -3X² + 16x - 2.

Therefore, after expanding and simplifying the given expression -3(X² - 4x + 2) + 4(X + 1), the result is -3X² + 16x - 2.

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Write the equation of a circle whose diameter is 12 and whose center is at (-6,-3)?

Answers

Answer:

  (x +6)² +(y +3)² = 36

Step-by-step explanation:

The standard form equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is ...

  (x -h)² +(y -k)² = r²

__

We have a circle with diameter 12, so its radius is 6. The center is given as (h, k) = (-6, -3), so the equation can be written ...

  (x -(-6))² +(y -(-3))² = 6²

Simplifying this a suitable amount, we have the equation ...

  (x +6)² +(y +3)² = 36

A _____ is a ratio comparing quantities measured in different units.
• A unit rate is a rate that compares a quantity to exactly one ______ of another quantity.

• Unit rates can be used to make rate _____ consisting of equivalent ratios (fractions).

• A _____ table can be used to solve a problem. Find a missing value in a ratio table by:

• using a pattern of ____ each time.

• multiplying.

• writing an ____ ratio.

Answers

A unit rate is a ratio comparing quantities measured in different units. Unit rates are most useful in finding an equivalent ratio, proportion, and also a missing value in a ratio table.

A ratio table can be used to solve a problem. Find a missing value in a ratio table by using a pattern of multiplying each time or by writing an equivalent ratio. Unit rates can be used to make rate statements consisting of equivalent ratios (fractions). The missing value refers to one value in the ratio that is not provided and has to be found by calculation or by estimation.A ratio is a comparison of two or more values that can be written in different forms, including fraction form, ratio form, and percentage form. A unit rate is a type of ratio that compares a quantity to exactly one unit of another quantity.The following are the most useful formulas for ratio and proportion:If we divide the numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the same number, the resulting fraction will be equivalent to the original fraction.If the same number is multiplied to both the numerator and denominator of a fraction, the resulting fraction will be equivalent to the original fraction. A ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities, and it can be represented in a variety of ways. A unit rate is a ratio that compares a quantity to one unit of another quantity. Unit rates can be used to create equivalent ratios that are similar to one another. In a ratio table, a missing value can be found by using a pattern of multiplying or by writing an equivalent ratio.

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The missing value in a ratio table can be found by using a pattern of multiplying each time, multiplying, and writing an equivalent ratio.

A ratio is a comparison of two quantities measured in the same units.

A unit rate is a rate that compares a quantity to exactly one unit of another quantity.

They can be used to make rate conversions consisting of equivalent ratios (fractions).

A ratio table can be used to solve a problem.

The missing value in a ratio table can be found by using a pattern of multiplying each time, multiplying, and writing an equivalent ratio.

So, A ratio is a ratio comparing quantities measured in different units.

A unit rate is a rate that compares a quantity to exactly one unit of another quantity.

Unit rates can be used to make rate conversions consisting of equivalent ratios (fractions).

A ratio table can be used to solve a problem.

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Let P be the vector space of polynomials of degree at most 2. Select each subset of P that is a subspace. Explain your reasons. (No credit for an answer alone.) (a) {p(x) = P₂|p(2)=0} (b) {p(z) € P₂ | x-p'(x) + p(x) = 0} (c) {p(z) E P₂|p(0) = P(1)} d) {ar2 + (a +1)x+b|a, b ER}

Answers

Let P be the vector space of polynomials of degree at most.

(a) is a subspace of P.

(b) is not a subspace of P.

(c) is a subspace of P.

(d) is a subspace of P.

(a) {p(x) = P₂|p(2)=0}

This subset consists of polynomials in P₂ that evaluate to 0 at x = 2. To check if it is a subspace, we need to verify the three conditions:

The zero polynomial is in this subset since it evaluates to 0 at x = 2.

Let p₁(x) and p₂(x) be two polynomials in this subset. If p₁(2) = 0 and p₂(2) = 0, then (p₁ + p₂)(2) = p₁(2) + p₂(2) = 0 + 0 = 0. Hence, the subset is closed under vector addition.

Let p(x) be a polynomial in this subset, and c be a scalar. If p(2) = 0, then (cp)(2) = c(p(2)) = c(0) = 0. Hence, the subset is closed under scalar multiplication.

Therefore, (a) is a subspace of P.

(b) {p(z) € P₂ | x-p'(x) + p(x) = 0}

This subset consists of polynomials in P₂ that satisfy the equation x - p'(x) + p(x) = 0. To check if it is a subspace, we need to verify the three conditions:

The zero polynomial is not in this subset since it does not satisfy the equation x - p'(x) + p(x) = 0.

If p₁(x) and p₂(x) are two polynomials in this subset, (p₁ + p₂)(x) = p₁(x) + p₂(x) satisfies the equation x - (p₁ + p₂)'(x) + (p₁ + p₂)(x) = 0. However, we need to check if it satisfies the equation x - (p₁ + p₂)'(x) + (p₁ + p₂)(x) = 0 for all x, not just at certain points. This condition may not hold, so the subset is not closed under vector addition.

Let p(x) be a polynomial in this subset, and c be a scalar. If we consider cp(x), the equation x - (cp)'(x) + cp(x) = 0 may not hold for all x, depending on the value of c. Therefore, the subset is not closed under scalar multiplication.

Therefore, (b) is not a subspace of P.

(c) {p(z) E P₂|p(0) = p(1)}

This subset consists of polynomials in P₂ that satisfy the equation p(0) = p(1). To check if it is a subspace, we need to verify the three conditions:

The zero polynomial is in this subset since it satisfies the equation p(0) = p(1) (both sides are 0).

If p₁(x) and p₂(x) are two polynomials in this subset, (p₁ + p₂)(x) = p₁(x) + p₂(x) satisfies the equation (p₁ + p₂)(0) = p₁(0) + p₂(0) and (p₁ + p₂)(1) = p₁(1) + p₂(1). Since p₁(0) = p₁(1) and p₂(0) = p₂(1), it follows that (p₁ + p₂)(0) = (p₁ + p₂)(1). Hence, the subset is closed under vector addition.

Let p(x) be a polynomial in this subset, and c be a scalar. If we consider cp(x), the equation (cp)(0) = (cp)(1) holds since p(0) = p(1). Hence, the subset is closed under scalar multiplication.

Therefore, (c) is a subspace of P.

(d) {ar² + (a + 1)x + b | a, b ∈ R}

This subset consists of all polynomials of the form ar² + (a + 1)x + b, where a and b are real numbers. To check if it is a subspace, we need to verify the three conditions:

The zero polynomial is in this subset since it can be written as 0r² + (0 + 1)x + 0 = x.

If p₁(x) and p₂(x) are two polynomials in this subset, their sum p₁(x) + p₂(x) is of the form ar² + (a + 1)x + b, where a and b are real numbers. Hence, the subset is closed under vector addition.

Let p(x) be a polynomial in this subset, and c be a scalar. Then cp(x) is of the form car² + (ca + c)x + cb, where a, b, and c are real numbers. Hence, the subset is closed under scalar multiplication.

Therefore, (d) is a subspace of P.

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