A logical fallacy is an argument that may sound convincing or true but is actually flawed. A red herring fallacy is an attempt to redirect a conversation away from its original topic by introducing an irrelevant piece of information that distracts the reader or listener.
In the excerpt from the political candidate’s speech, the author includes a red herring fallacy when they say: “Think about how much money is spent on state programs that don’t benefit anyone and just line the pockets of politicians and their friends.” This statement is irrelevant to the main topic of college tuition and is meant to divert attention from the criticism of their view. Therefore, the correct answer is red herring.
The logical fallacy included in the excerpt is a red herring.
The correct answer to the given question is option 1.
A red herring fallacy occurs when an irrelevant or unrelated topic is introduced into an argument to divert attention from the main issue. In this case, the author is discussing the criticism they receive for advocating free college education for state residents. Instead of directly addressing the criticism or providing valid counterarguments, the author introduces a new topic about wasteful spending on state programs that don't benefit anyone.
By shifting the focus to unrelated state programs and suggesting that the money spent on those programs could be used for education, the author attempts to distract the audience from the actual topic of free college education. The argument becomes an attempt to justify funding education by criticizing other government expenditures, rather than providing substantive reasons for the proposed policy.
This diversionary tactic does not address the concerns or criticisms of providing free college education and instead introduces an unrelated topic to create a false sense of justification. It is important to recognize and avoid red herring fallacies as they undermine the logical coherence and effectiveness of an argument.
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Read the excerpt from Malala Yousafzai’s speech at the United Nations.
Women and children are suffering in many parts of the world in many ways. In India, innocent and poor children are victims of child labour. Many schools have been destroyed in Nigeria. People in Afghanistan have been affected by the hurdles of extremism for decades. Young girls have to do domestic child labour and are forced to get married at early age. Poverty, ignorance, injustice, racism and the deprivation of basic rights are the main problems faced by both men and women.
Which statement best explains the effectiveness of Yousafzai’s argument?
It is effective because she gives several examples to develop her claim.
It is not effective because she does not clearly state her claim in the excerpt.
It is not effective because she does not provide statistics to support her claim.
It is effective because she states her claim at the start and end of the excerpt.
Answer: A.
Explanation:
In addition to being one of the Founding Fathers, Benjamin Franklin was also a scientist. One of his most famous endeavors was proving that lightning was electricity, though he never actually conducted hands-on experiments. Read the following fictionalized account and then answer the question after it.
Franklin had told his nephew Peter of his curiosities. Lightning had to be electricity, he explained, and not some other substance. The two were too similar in behavior and sound. But Peter never suspected the experiment would take the form it did—with his uncle bursting into the house with a kite and key still smoldering from the storm strike.
Which detail from the text supports the idea that the fiction author altered the historical facts?
Answer: A: It is gives several examples to develope her claim
Explanation: I did the test