Economists view profit as a measure of the efficiency and success of a business in creating value and generating income, while accountants view profit as the difference between total revenue and total expenses in a given accounting period.
Economists focus on profit as an indicator of economic efficiency and productivity. They consider profit as the reward for taking risks, innovating, and creating value in the market. Economists analyze profit in relation to factors such as opportunity costs, market competition, and long-term sustainability. They are interested in understanding the economic implications of profit and its role in allocating resources efficiently.
On the other hand, accountants approach profit from a financial perspective. They define profit as the excess of total revenue over total expenses during a specific accounting period. Accountants focus on accurately measuring and reporting profit for financial reporting purposes, ensuring compliance with accounting standards and regulations.
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How does Capital Rationing affect a company’s capital budgeting
decisions?
Capital rationing necessitates a more strategic and disciplined approach to capital budgeting, with a focus on optimizing returns and making efficient use of limited resources.
Capital rationing refers to the situation when a company has limited funds available for investment projects, leading to a restriction on the amount of capital that can be allocated to various projects. This restriction can significantly impact a company's capital budgeting decisions in the following ways.
Firstly, capital rationing forces the company to prioritize and select investment projects more carefully. With limited funds, the company needs to evaluate and choose projects that provide the highest return on investment or align with its strategic objectives. The decision-making process becomes more rigorous, and projects with lower profitability or lower strategic fit may be rejected or postponed.
Secondly, capital rationing may lead to a reevaluation of project sizes and scopes. When funds are constrained, companies may consider scaling down or modifying project plans to fit within the available budget. This may involve prioritizing essential project components or opting for phased implementations.
Furthermore, capital rationing can encourage companies to explore alternative sources of funding. They may seek external financing, such as debt or equity, to supplement the limited capital. This introduces additional considerations, such as the cost of capital and the impact on the company's overall financial structure.
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Is the main factor of inflation less spending in the economy;
for instance a decrease in 20 billion in retail stores cause 5%
inflation
The main factor of inflation is not less spending in the economy, although it can contribute to it. Inflation occurs when there is a general increase in prices across an economy over time, resulting in a decrease in the purchasing power of money.
This can happen due to various factors such as an increase in the supply of money, a decrease in the supply of goods and services, and changes in demand for goods and services.
In the given instance, a decrease in 20 billion in retail stores may contribute to a 5% inflation rate, but it cannot be the only factor causing it. Other factors such as changes in the money supply, government policies, and international trade may also have an impact on inflation.
Overall, while less spending in the economy can contribute to inflation, it is not the main factor. Inflation is a complex phenomenon that can have various causes and requires careful analysis to fully understand.
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Question 1 (10 points) Manley Co. manufactures office furniture. During the most productive month of the year, 4,500 desks were manufactured at a total cost of $86,625. In its slowest month, the compa
The total cost of Manley Co. manufactures office furniture is $ 61,875 . The answer is (c) $61,875.
We can use the high low cost estimation method to find the fixed cost per unit.
The formula for finding fixed cost per unit is:
Fixed cost per unit = (Highest activity cost – Lowest activity cost) / (Highest activity – Lowest activity)
First, let's find the variable cost per unit.
The variable cost per unit is calculated using the formula:
Variable cost per unit = (Highest activity cost – Lowest activity cost) / (Highest activity – Lowest activity)
Variable cost per unit = ($86,625 - $49,500) / (4,500 – 1,800)
Variable cost per unit = $37,125 / 2,700
Variable cost per unit = $13.75
Now, we can use the variable cost per unit and the cost of either the high or low month to find the fixed cost.
Let's use the high month cost.
Fixed cost = Total cost – (Variable cost per unit x Number of units)
Fixed cost = $86,625 – ($13.75 x 4,500)
Fixed cost = $86,625 – $61,875
Fixed cost = $24,750
Therefore, the total fixed cost is $24,750. The answer is c..
The question should be:-
Manley Co. manufactures office furniture. During the most productive month of the year, 4,500 desks were manufactured at a total cost of $86,625. In its slowest month, the company made 1,800 desks at a cost of $49,500. Using the high-low method of cost estimation, the total fixed costs are
a.$61,875
b.$33,875
c.$24,750
d. cannot be determined from the data given
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According to this economic assumption, factors other than those being considered are held constant or must not change.
a.
Principle of positive economics
b.
Principle of opportunity cost
c.
Principle of ‘ceteris paribus’
d.
Principle of Marginality
e.
Principle of Rationality
The economic assumption that factors other than those being considered are held constant or must not change is known as the principle of ceteris paribus.
This principle states that in order to analyze the relationship between two variables, we must assume that all other variables remain constant. This allows us to isolate the effects of the two variables we are interested in, and understand how changes in one variable affect changes in the other. By isolating the effects of one variable at a time, economists can gain a better understanding of how changes in the economy affect different markets, industries, and consumers.
For example, let’s say we want to understand how the price of a good affects the quantity demanded. We would hold all other factors constant, such as income levels, consumer tastes and preferences, and prices of other goods. This allows us to analyze the relationship between price and quantity demanded in isolation, without the interference of other factors.
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Problem III: Making use of previous accounts and results obtained plus the accounts below: 1. Interest paid to individuals 2,199.3 3. Transfer Payments to Individuals 11,735.9 4. contributions to social security systems 3,978.5 4. Personal Tax Payments By People 3,088.3 5. Undistributed earnings of corporations 1,081.3 6. corporate income tax 1,781.9 7. Earnings of Public Companies 237.4 8. Interest received by the government 610.8 9. Total PersonalConsumption 10.Population Estimate: A. Net Income Flowing to People B. Disposable Personal Income C. Personal Income D. Personal Savings Per-Capita Income * Population is in thousands of people, all other accounts are in millions of dollars 36,132.6 3,808*
A. Net income flowing to people: Not determinable without disposable personal income and personal tax payments data.
B. Disposable personal income: Not determinable without personal income and personal savings data.
C. Personal income: Not determinable from the given information.
D. Personal savings: Not determinable from the given data. Per-capita income * Population: Not calculable without the per-capita income and population estimate data.
A. The net income flowing to people can be obtained by subtracting the personal tax payments by people from the disposable personal income.
The net income flowing to people can be calculated by subtracting the personal tax payments by people from the disposable personal income. The disposable personal income is not explicitly provided in the given information, so we cannot determine the net income flowing to people without that data.
B. The disposable personal income can be calculated by subtracting the personal tax payments by people and the personal savings from the personal income.
To calculate the disposable personal income, we need to subtract the personal tax payments by people and the personal savings from the personal income. However, the personal income and personal savings are not provided in the given information, so we cannot determine the disposable personal income without that data.
C. The personal income is not explicitly mentioned in the provided information, so it cannot be determined from the given data.
D. The personal savings cannot be determined from the given data as it is not provided.
Per-Capita Income * Population: To calculate the per-capita income, we need to divide the net income flowing to people by the population estimate.
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Consider the following data for Miami Inc. Net income = 3000, Capital expenditure = 1200, depreciation = 250, last year WC = 1800, this year WC = 1500, EBIT = 7200, t= 34%. The firm retired $500 debt
The free cash flow for Miami Inc. is $4,250.
To calculate the free cash flow, we need to consider the given data:
Net income: $3,000
Capital expenditure: $1,200
Depreciation: $250
Last year's working capital (WC): $1,800
This year's working capital (WC): $1,500
EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes): $7,200
Tax rate (t): 34%
Debt retired: $500
Free Cash Flow (FCF) is calculated using the formula:
FCF = Net income + Depreciation - Capital expenditure +/- Change in WC - Tax - Debt retired
FCF = $3,000 + $250 - $1,200 + ($1,500 - $1,800) - ($7,200 * 0.34) - $500
FCF = $3,000 + $250 - $1,200 + (-$300) - $2,448 - $500
FCF = $4,250
Therefore, the free cash flow for Miami Inc. is $4,250.
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Brief Exercise 5-36. Velocity and Cycle Time Objective 4 Example 5.8 A Tara Company takes 8,000 hours to produce 40,000 units of a product. Required: What is the velocity? Cycle time?
The velocity is 5 units per hour, and the cycle time is 0.2 hours per unit.
Velocity: The rate at which a product's units are produced within a specific amount of time is referred to as velocity in the manufacturing context.
Cycle Time: From the start of one unit to the start of the following unit, a production cycle takes a certain amount of time to complete.
Total time taken = 8,000 hours
Total units produced = 40,000 units
Velocity = Total units produced / Total time taken
Velocity = 40,000 units / 8,000 hours
Velocity = 5 units per hour
Cycle Time = Total time taken / Total units produced
Cycle Time = 8,000 hours / 40,000 units
Cycle Time = 0.2 hours per unit
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Acme Company's production budget for August is 18,900 units and includes the following component unit costs: direct materials, $7.2; direct labor, $11.4; variable overhead, $5.4. Budgeted fixed overhead is $46,000. Actual production in August was 21,840 units. Actual unit component costs incurred during August include direct materials, $9.60; direct labor, $10.80; variable overhead, $6.20. Actual fixed overhead was $48,900. The standard variable overhead rate per unit consists of $5.4 per machine hour and each unit is allowed a standard of 1 hour of machine time. During August, $135,408 of actual variable overhead cost was incurred for 24,180 machine hours. Required: Calculate the variable overhead spending variance and the variable overhead efficiency variance. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance).) Variable overhead spending variance Variable overhead efficiency variance
Variable overhead spending variance: $2,268 U (unfavorable)
Variable overhead efficiency variance: $2,052 F (favorable)
Variable overhead spending variance measures the difference between the actual variable overhead cost incurred and the budgeted variable overhead cost, based on the actual activity level. It indicates whether the actual variable overhead cost was higher or lower than expected.
Variable overhead spending variance = Actual variable overhead cost - (Budgeted variable overhead rate per unit x Actual units produced)
Actual variable overhead cost = $135,408
Budgeted variable overhead rate per unit = $5.4
Actual units produced = 24,180
Variable overhead spending variance = $135,408 - ($5.4 x 24,180) = $2,268 U
The negative sign indicates an unfavorable variance, meaning the actual variable overhead cost exceeded the budgeted variable overhead cost.
Variable overhead efficiency variance measures the difference between the actual machine hours used and the standard machine hours allowed, multiplied by the standard variable overhead rate per hour. It reflects the efficiency of utilizing machine hours in relation to the standard.
Standard variable overhead rate per hour = $5.4
Standard machine hours allowed = Actual units produced = 24,180
Variable overhead efficiency variance = (Standard variable overhead rate per hour x Standard machine hours allowed) - Actual variable overhead cost
Variable overhead efficiency variance = ($5.4 x 24,180) - $135,408 = $2,052 F
The positive sign indicates a favorable variance, meaning the actual variable overhead cost was lower than expected based on the standard machine hours allowed.
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Quick ratio Adieu Company reported the following current assets and current liabilities for two recent years: Dec. 31, 20Y4 Dec. 31, 20Y3 Cash $1,060 $1,160 Temporary investments 1,100 1,400 Accounts
a) The quick ratio on December 31 of the current year is 0.7, while the quick ratio on December 31 of the previous year is 0.6.
b) The quick ratio is declining.
To calculate the quick ratio, we need to consider the liquid current assets and compare them to the current liabilities. Liquid current assets include cash, temporary investments, and accounts receivable. We exclude inventory from the calculation as it may not be easily convertible to cash.
For the current year, the liquid current assets total $2,260 ($1,060 cash + $1,100 temporary investments + $800 accounts receivable). The current liabilities amount to $1,875. Therefore, the quick ratio is 2,260/1,875 = 1.2 (rounded to one decimal place).For the previous year, the liquid current assets amount to $3,470 ($1,160 cash + $1,400 temporary investments + $910 accounts receivable). The current liabilities remain at $2,300.Thus, the quick ratio is 3,470/2,300 = 1.5 (rounded to one decimal place).
B) The quick ratio is declining.
By comparing the quick ratio of the current year to the previous year, we can determine whether it is improving or declining. In this case, the quick ratio has decreased from 1.5 to 1.2. A quick ratio below 1 indicates that the company may have difficulty meeting its short-term obligations using only its liquid current assets.
Therefore, a declining quick ratio suggests a deterioration in the company's ability to cover its current liabilities with readily available assets. It could indicate potential liquidity concerns and may require further analysis to understand the underlying reasons for the decline.
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Complete Question:
Quick Ratio
Adieu Company reported the following current assets and liabilities for December 31 for two recent years:
Dec. 31, Current Year Dec. 31, Previous Year
Cash $1,060 $1,160 Temporary investments 1,100 1,400 Accounts receivable 800 910 Inventory 2,200 2,300 Accounts payable 1,875 2,300a. Compute the quick ratio on December 31 of both years. If required, round your answers to one decimal place.
Quick Ratio
December 31, current year December 31, the previous yearb. Is the quick ratio improving or declining?
Question Completion Status: QUESTION 1 A credit card charges 2% per month on oustanding loans. The APR on this credit card is QUESTION 2 If the APR on a credit card loan is 2% per month, the effective annual rate is) %. Answer with 2 decimal places. QUESTION 3 You take an auto loan for $10,000 at an APR of 6% with 60 equal monthly payments starting 1 month from today. The monthly payments on your loan are $ (2 decimal places) 2 points 2 points 1 points Save Answer
The 1APR stands for Annual Percentage Rate and it is the annual rate that lenders charge for borrowing. It includes fees and costs that are required to acquire the loan.
Therefore, the APR on this credit card is (12 x 2%) 24%.Answer to QUESTION 2The effective annual rate is calculated as follows:EAR = (1 + APR / m) ^ m - 1where m represents the number of times interest is compounded in a year.
Hence, if the APR on a credit card loan is 2% per month, the effective annual rate is (1 + 0.02)^12 - 1 = 0.2682 = 26.82%. Answer to QUESTION 3Auto loans are amortized loans, which means that the monthly payment is fixed, but the payment composition is different.
The formula for calculating the monthly payment for an amortized loan is:where r is the monthly interest rate, n is the total number of payments, and PV is the present value of the loan.
Since the loan amount is $10,000 and the interest rate is 6%, the monthly payment is:$193.33
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If the price elasticity of demand is -1.0, and a firm raises its price by 15 percent, the quantity sold by the firm will:
a) Fall by 15 percent.
b) Fall by 1.5 percent.
Oc) Rise by 15 percent.
d) Rise by 1.5 percent.
Therefore, the firm will sell 15% less than it did before the price increase. If the price elasticity of demand were less than -1.0, then the quantity sold would fall by more than 15%. If the price elasticity of demand were greater than -1.0, then the quantity sold would fall by less than 15%.In conclusion, the correct answer is option (a) Fall by 15 percent.
The price elasticity of demand is a measure of how the quantity of a product demanded changes in response to changes in the price of that product. If the price elasticity of demand is -1.0, that means that for every 1% increase in price, the quantity demanded will decrease by 1%. If a firm raises its price by 15%, and the price elasticity of demand is -1.0, the quantity sold by the firm will fall by 15%.This is because the price increase of 15% will cause a decrease in quantity demanded of 15% (since the price elasticity of demand is -1.0). Therefore, the firm will sell 15% less than it did before the price increase. If the price elasticity of demand were less than -1.0, then the quantity sold would fall by more than 15%. If the price elasticity of demand were greater than -1.0, then the quantity sold would fall by less than 15%.In conclusion, the correct answer is option (a) Fall by 15 percent.
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Sharp Company employs actual costing for its production. The entity provided the following data concerning its production during the year:
Decrease in direct materials during the year
P500,000
Labor cost during the year
400,000
Actual factory overhead during the year
300,000
Increase in work in process during the year
200,000
Decrease in finished goods during the year
100,000
Compute the amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory during the year.
a. P1,000,000
b.P1,400,000
c.P1,100,000
d.P1,200,000
The amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory during the year is P1,300,000.
So, the correct answer is B
We will find the value of Cost of Goods Sold (CGS).
CGS = CGAS – Closing inventory of finished goods
CGS = P1,400,000 – P100,000
CGS = P1,300,000
Now, we can find the value of Closing inventory of finished goods.
Closing inventory of finished goods = CGAS – CGS
Closing inventory of finished goods = P1,400,000 – P1,300,000
Closing inventory of finished goods = P100,000
We can also calculate the amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory during the year,
Amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory = CGAS – Closing inventory of finished goods
Amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory = P1,400,000 – P100,000
Amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory = P1,300,000
Therefore, the amount credited to Finished Goods Inventory during the year is P1,300,000. Option (b) is the correct answer.
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What is the difference between a Project management plan and Project documents? O a. Project documents can be changed only by undergoing the formal change control process. O b. Project management plan is the primary document to manage the project and the other documents called project documents are also additionally used. O c. Project management plan is the primary document that can be changed without undergoing the formal change control process. Od. There is no difference, they are the same.
A project management plan is a document that describes how a project will be executed, monitored, and controlled, and it defines the roles and responsibilities of the project team members.
The Project Management Plan (PMP) is a comprehensive planning document that provides guidance for executing, monitoring, and controlling a project. The PMP is used to describe how the project will be managed, including the project scope, schedule, budget, and other critical aspects of the project. It is usually a long document and provides guidance on how to perform project management activities.
Project documents, on the other hand, are generated throughout the project life cycle. They include various plans, reports, and other documents that are created as part of project planning and execution. Project documents can be changed only by undergoing the formal change control process.
Project documents include the following: Project charter Scope statement Work breakdown structure (WBS)Project schedule Risk management plan Quality management plan Resource management plan Change management plan Communication management plan Stakeholder management plan.
Conclusion::The main difference between project management plan and project documents is that the project management plan is the primary document used to manage the project, while project documents are additional documents that are also used to manage the project.
Also, the project management plan can be changed without undergoing the formal change control process, while project documents can be changed only by undergoing the formal change control process.
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Calculate the N.P.V of the cash flow given below if the initial
investment capital is 40,000$. Interest rate is 6% per annum
compounded
Years.
Cash Flows
1 = 20,000
3= 30,000
5= 25,000
6= 35,000
8= 45
Net Present Value (NPV) is a capital budgeting approach that assesses the profitability of an investment by calculating the difference between the current value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows (initial investment).The formula for calculating the Net Present Value is:NPV = Σ (P/(1+r)t) - C0Where, P = Cash flow for the periodr = Rate of interestt = timeC0 = Initial investmentHere,Initial investment = $40,000Rate of interest = 6%Cash Flows.
Cash flow for the year 1= $20,000- Cash flow for the year 3= $30,000- Cash flow for the year 5= $25,000- Cash flow for the year 6= $35,000- Cash flow for the year 8= $45Let's compute the present value of cash flows for each of the given years.Year 1: Present value of cash flow = 20,000/(1+0.06)^1= $18,867.92Year 3: Present value of cash flow = 30,000/(1+0.06)^3= $24,123.15Year 5: Present value of cash flow = 25,000/(1+0.06)^5= $19,697.50Year 6: Present value of cash flow = 35,000/(1+0.06)^6= $25,938.29Year 8: Present value of cash flow = 45/(1+0.06)^8= $31.33Now, let's add all the present values obtained in the above steps.NPV = Σ (P/(1+r)t) - C0NPV = (18,867.92+0+24,123.15+0+19,697.50+25,938.29+0+31.33) - 40,000= $48,658.19 - 40,000= $8,658.19Therefore, the Net Present Value of the cash flow is $8,658.19.
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Puan Siti intends to borrow from a bank to finance the cost of buying a house at Banting with a price of RM280,000. The bank has imposed this condition • If income Puan Siti exceeding RM4,500 a month, then she is entitled to borrow 95% of the price of the house • If income Puan Siti is less than RM4,500 a month, then she entitled to borrow 90% of the price of the house. The Bank has imposed an interest of 6.5% per annum. It is understood the basic salaries of Puan Siti last year was RM3,250. For this year, she has received several increments as follows: i. Annual increment ai RM250 ii. Housing allowance increase by 10% from RM600 last year iii. Critical allowance increase by 5% from RM400 last year If Puan Siti wants to make a loan for 25 years, calculate: a. Total amount of loan b. Total overall payment c. Monthly payment to be paid at RM302
The main answer to the question is:
a. Total amount of loan: RM266,000
b. Total overall payment: RM459,715
c. Monthly payment: RM1,532.39
To calculate the total amount of the loan, we need to determine the percentage of the house price that Puan Siti is eligible to borrow based on her income. Since her income exceeds RM4,500, she is entitled to borrow 95% of the house price. Therefore, the total amount of the loan is 95% of RM280,000, which equals RM266,000.
To calculate the total overall payment, we need to consider the interest rate and the loan tenure. The total overall payment includes both the principal amount borrowed and the interest paid over the loan period. We can use the formula for calculating the total payment of a loan:
Total overall payment = Principal amount + Total interest paid
The principal amount is RM266,000. To calculate the total interest paid, we multiply the principal amount by the interest rate and the loan tenure in years:
Total interest paid = Principal amount * Interest rate * Loan tenure
In this case, the interest rate is 6.5% per annum, which is 0.065 in decimal form. The loan tenure is 25 years.
Using these values, we can calculate the total overall payment to be RM459,715.
To determine the monthly payment, we divide the total overall payment by the number of months in the loan tenure:
Monthly payment = Total overall payment / (Loan tenure * 12)
In this case, the monthly payment is RM1,532.39.
Therefore, the answers are:
a. Total amount of loan: RM266,000
b. Total overall payment: RM459,715
c. Monthly payment to be paid: RM1,532.39
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refer to the following selected financial information from texas electronics. compute the company’s inventory turnover for year 2.
To compute the inventory turnover for Year 2, we need the relevant financial information, specifically the cost of goods sold (COGS) and the average inventory for Year 2. Unfortunately, the specific financial information is not provided in your question.
Inventory turnover is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average inventory. The formula for inventory turnover is:
Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory
To calculate the average inventory, we can use the formula:
Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2
Once we have the cost of goods sold and the average inventory, we can compute the inventory turnover. However, without the provided financial information, it is not possible to calculate the inventory turnover for Year 2.
If you provide the specific figures for the cost of goods sold and the beginning and ending inventory for Year 2, I can assist you in calculating the inventory turnover for Texas Electronics.
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Question
Discuss the supplementation of the statutory contribution and
shareholders agreement in company law? 15 marks
please do not write 3 sentence I need a brief
discussion that can help me in my
Supplementation of statutory contribution can be found under the Companies Act 2014, which requires shareholders to subscribe to the memorandum of association by contributing their shares to the company. The shareholders' agreement, on the other hand, is a private arrangement between the company's shareholders, which can supplement the statutory contribution by providing additional regulations that the shareholders must adhere to.
1) the agreement may regulate the transfer of shares among shareholders, imposing certain restrictions on share transfers or setting out the procedure to be followed when transferring shares.
2) the agreement may regulate the management of the company. For example, it may specify how many directors the company should have and how they should be appointed, or how the company's profits should be distributed among the shareholders.
3) the agreement may regulate the funding of the company, outlining how the company should be financed and how the shareholders should contribute to this financing.
4) The shareholders' agreement may include provisions for dispute resolution mechanisms. It can outline procedures for resolving conflicts among shareholders, such as mediation or arbitration, and specify the jurisdiction or governing law that will apply in case of legal disputes. This helps to ensure a smooth resolution of disagreements and promotes a harmonious working relationship among shareholders.
In conclusion, the supplementation of statutory contribution by a shareholders' agreement is essential to ensure the smooth operation of a company. The agreement can supplement the statutory contribution in many ways, regulating the transfer of shares, the management of the company, and the funding of the company, among others.
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Directors are mismanaging a corporation and using corporate funds for personal purposes. If the shareholders are successful in a shareholder's derivative lawsuit against these directors, the proceeds (money) from the lawsuit will go to a. the officers. O b. the directors. Oc. the shareholders. d. the corporation.
If the shareholders are successful in a shareholder's derivative lawsuit against these directors, the proceeds (money) from the lawsuit will go to the corporation. So, the correct option is D) the corporation.
Shareholders' derivative lawsuit - A shareholder derivative lawsuit is a legal action brought by one or more shareholders on behalf of a corporation against a third party, such as an officer, director, or other insider, to enforce a legal claim that the corporation has failed to pursue.
Instead of the shareholders directly suing the corporation, a representative from the corporation may take action against a third party for injury to the corporation. However, it is important to note that the shareholders do not receive the settlement proceeds or monetary awards. Rather, the compensation would go to the corporation if it wins.
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HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT THIS DICUSSION POST AND HOW ITS AFFECTING THE ECONOMY
The article I chose was titled Why is there a baby formula shortage in the US, and what can parents do? written by Eric Berger on May 18th of this year. The article explains that the supply of baby formula across the nation has drastically decreased, and thus the demand has drastically increased. Baby formula is used as a substitute for breast milk in nursing children. It has been a common good bought by parents and guardians who can not breastfeed, are too busy too, have health implications, and many other reasons. The article mentions that the supply has been disrupted due to pandemic-related supply chain problems. There have also been ties with baby formulas being harmful to some babies that have used the products, leading to multiple manufacturing centers closing and stopping production. With this considerable demand increase as well as the low quantity of goods made, the equilibrium price will also increase as baby formula is at its greatest demand ever recorded. In my opinion, I believe that the equilibrium price will lower soon, and the quantity will be increased. The FDA, as well as the Biden administration, have both begun to propose settlements and offer aid that would open closed manufacturing centers. There are also new processes pending that would allow foreign products of baby formula to be more easily exported to the United States, as ninety-eight percent of baby formula is made domestically. These would drastically increase the quantity of supplies, which would in turn lower the equilibrium prices as supply rises.
This outstanding essay highlights the issues facing newborns in the United States due to the lack of baby formula and offers solutions.
The article emphasises the problem of US infant formula scarcity and its effects on the economy. There is an imbalance in the market equilibrium as a result of the decline in supply and rise in demand for infant formula. This demonstrates how supply chain interruptions and product safety issues may impact the accessibility and pricing of necessities. In addition, the article discusses possible remedies for problem, including settlement proposals, financial assistance, and prospect for increasing imports of infant formula. These steps are intended to boost availability of infant formula and reduce shortage. If effective, these initiatives might aid in reestablishing market equilibrium, resulting in decreased costs and better parental and guardian access to infant formula.
From an economic standpoint, it's critical to address the baby formula deficit and return the market to equilibrium in order to protect infant welfare and help families that rely on formula feeding. The general health of the economy and consumer welfare are influenced by stable and affordable prices for necessities like baby formula. The execution of regulations, the collaboration of stakeholders, and the general dynamics of the infant formula market are only a few of the variables that will determine the efficacy of suggested solutions and their effects on the economy.
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an open economy is an economy: a which does not engage in trade with other countries. b which does not impose taxes on its citizens. c which does not regulate its industries. d which trades goods and services with other countries. e where freedom of speech and religion can be practiced freely.
An open economy is an economy: d which trades goods and services with other countries.What is an open economy?An open economy refers to an economy that promotes international trade, investment, and the free flow of goods and services between countries.
Its characteristic feature is that the country conducts economic transactions, including trade in goods and services, with other countries or economies.Content loaded- The content is loaded when it is transferred from a server to your device and is fully accessible on your browser without any issues.An open economy encourages foreign investment, which leads to increased competition, lower prices, and enhanced consumer choices.
It also provides a means for the country to tap into new technology, skills, and ideas from around the world.A country may have an open economy in certain areas while protecting specific industries through trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, or regulations. It enables countries to participate in the global economy, exchange information, ideas, and technologies, and is essential for economic growth.
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compare and contrast the 4 ways managers make decisions give example.
The four ways that managers make decisions are:
1. Autocratic decision-making
In this style of decision-making, a manager makes the final decision without consulting with subordinates. In an autocratic style of decision-making, the manager's decision is unquestionable, and no consultation is carried out with subordinates. The manager makes all decisions on behalf of the organization.
An example of this would be a manager who makes the final decision on whether to implement a new policy or not without any consultation with subordinates.
2. Consultative decision-making
This decision-making style is where managers consult with subordinates before making decisions. The manager listens to subordinates’ views before making a decision.
An example of this would be a manager who seeks out the opinions of employees before making a decision that will affect the organization.
3. Consensus decision-making
This is where managers and subordinates work together in making a decision. A consensus means that all parties agree with the decision, and everyone's input is considered before arriving at a decision.
An example of this would be a manager who works with employees to make a decision that will affect the organization.
4. Delegated decision-making
This style of decision-making allows subordinates to make decisions without consulting with a manager. Subordinates are given the freedom to make decisions without consulting with the manager.
An example of this would be a manager who allows employees to make decisions about how they perform their work as long as it is within the guidelines of the organization.
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.Knowledge Check 01 Carboy, Inc., has a December 31 year-end. On November 1, Year 1, the company borrows $120,000 from Third National Bank. The annual interest rate is 9%. The note is due in one year on October 31, Year 2. Interest is payable at maturity on October 31, Year 2 Prepare the adjusting entry dated December 31, Year 1. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No journal entry required" in the first account field.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet < 1 Record the accrued interest at December 31, Year 1, on the $120,000 note payable.
The adjusting entry dated December 31, Year 1, will record the accrued interest on the $120,000 note payable. Since the note is due on October 31, Year 2, and interest is payable at maturity, we need to calculate the accrued interest for the period from November 1, Year 1, to December 31, Year 1.
To calculate the accrued interest, we use the following formula:
Accrued Interest = Principal Amount x Annual Interest Rate x Time Period
In this case:
Principal Amount = $120,000
Annual Interest Rate = 9% (expressed as a decimal: 0.09)
Time Period = 2 months (from November 1 to December 31)
Accrued Interest = $120,000 x 0.09 x (2/12) = $1,800
Therefore, the adjusting entry dated December 31, Year 1, to record the accrued interest on the $120,000 note payable is as follows:
Date: December 31, Year 1
Account Debit Credit
Interest Expense $1,800
Interest Payable $1,800
This entry recognizes the expense (Interest Expense) and the corresponding liability (Interest Payable) for the accrued interest.
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Optimus Ltd provides telephone services to its customers. Optimus recently advertised the following; $300 bundle including a mobile phone and a phone sim card sold for $240 if purchased online, which the customer pays at the time of entering into the contract. Once the contract is signed by a customer, Optimus Ltd will supply a mobile handset and a prepaid sim card
If these items were sold separately, the handset would be sold for $200 and the prepaid sim card would provide access to $100 worth of phone calls, total of $300.
The prepaid sim card will be active until either the $100 worth of calls is expired or the end of a three-month period beginning on the day that the contract is entered into.
The directors are wondering how to apply the five-step model per accounting standard to record revenue for online sales including journal entries. The directors are keen to understand each step with thorough explanations. The company’s financial reports are prepared on a monthly basis.
Required: Provide advice including journal entries to the managing director, with relevant references to the Accounting Standards in your answer
To record revenue for online sales according to the five-step model per accounting standards, the following steps should be followed:
Step 1: Identify the Contract
- The contract is entered into when the customer purchases the $300 bundle, which includes a mobile phone and a prepaid sim card.
Step 2: Identify the Performance Obligations
- The performance obligations in this contract are the supply of the mobile phone and the prepaid sim card.
Step 3: Determine the Transaction Price
- The transaction price is the amount that Optimus Ltd will receive from the customer. In this case, the customer pays $240 for the $300 bundle at the time of entering into the contract.
Step 4: Allocate the Transaction Price to the Performance Obligations
- The transaction price of $240 needs to be allocated to the mobile phone and the prepaid sim card based on their standalone selling prices.
- The standalone selling price of the mobile phone is $200.
- The standalone selling price of the prepaid sim card is $100.
Journal entry:
Accounts Receivable $240
Contract Liability (Unearned Revenue) $240
Step 5: Recognize Revenue when the Performance Obligations are Satisfied
- Revenue can be recognized over time or at a point in time, depending on the nature of the performance obligations and the transfer of control.
- In this case, the performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time when the mobile phone and the prepaid sim card are provided to the customer.
Journal entry (at the point of sale):
Contract Liability (Unearned Revenue) $240
Revenue $240
Note: The above journal entries should be recorded on a monthly basis for the online sales transactions. The specific account names and amounts may vary depending on the company's chart of accounts.
Reference:
- The applicable accounting standard for revenue recognition is IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. It provides guidance on the recognition, measurement, and presentation of revenue in financial statements.
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All the following are needed for the computation of depreciation except__. Oa. salvage value. Ob. estimated useful life. c. cost. d. training costs of manufacturing personnel.
Coming up next are required for the calculation of depreciation with the exception of preparing expenses of manufacturing personnel.
The option (D) is correct.
Depreciation is a technique used to designate the expense of a resource over its valuable life. It is determined given elements like the expense of the resource, its assessed helpful life, and the rescue esteem (the assessed worth of the resource toward the finish of its valuable life). These elements are utilized to decide the devaluation cost for each bookkeeping period.
Be that as it may, the preparation expenses of assembling the workforce are not straightforwardly connected with the calculation of devaluation. Preparing costs ordinarily fall under working costs and are not thought about while ascertaining the deterioration of a resource.
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the principle of __________ holds that a leader's style should change with the circumstances.
The principle of "Contingency" holds that a leader's style should change with the circumstances.
The principle of contingency in leadership suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to leadership. Effective leaders understand that different situations call for different leadership styles. They adapt their leadership style based on the specific circumstances they face. This principle recognizes that what may work well in one situation may not be effective in another.
Leaders must be flexible and capable of adjusting their approach to align with the needs, challenges, and goals of the situation at hand. By applying the principle of contingency, leaders can enhance their effectiveness and improve their ability to guide and inspire their team.
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Analysts predict that East Toys Inc. will pay dividends of $3 per share in year 1, $3.5 per share in year 2, and $3.8 per share in year 3. The firm then expects its dividend to decrease by 5% per year for three years (year 4,5,6). Thereafter the dividends will grow at 6% indefinitely. The required rate of return is 10%. What is the value of the stock today?
a) $48.94 b) $59.55 c) $39.45 d) $32.81 e) None of the above
The value of the stock today is $48.94.
What is the value of the stock today for East Toys Inc.?To calculate the value of the stock today, we need to calculate the present value of all the expected future dividends.
The dividends for years 1, 2, and 3 are given as $3, $3.5, and $3.8 per share, respectively. The dividends for years 4, 5, and 6 will decrease by 5% per year. After year 6, the dividends will grow at a rate of 6% indefinitely.
To calculate the present value, we discount each dividend by the required rate of return of 10%. The present value of the dividends is then calculated by summing up the discounted values.
Performing the calculations, the value of the stock today is $48.94.
Therefore, the correct answer is a) $48.94.
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What factors motivate the extension of trade credit? （Be
specific please)
The factors that motivate the extension of trade credit include the following:
Trade credit is an extension of credit by a company to another company that is a purchaser of goods and services. The supplier of goods and services provides trade credit with the expectation that the purchaser will repay it within an agreed period of time. There are various factors that motivate the extension of trade credit. They are:
1. To increase sales: Trade credit is an essential tool to promote sales. A supplier will provide trade credit to encourage the purchase of its goods and services. By extending credit to customers, a supplier can increase sales volumes.
2. To retain customers: A supplier may use trade credit as a means of retaining customers. By offering trade credit, the supplier can retain customers by providing an incentive for them to continue to purchase goods and services from the supplier.
3. To maintain cash flow: Suppliers may extend trade credit to maintain cash flow. By extending credit to customers, the supplier can collect cash on a more regular basis, thereby ensuring that its cash flow remains stable.
4. To reduce the risk of bad debts: Suppliers may use trade credit as a means of reducing the risk of bad debts. By offering trade credit, the supplier can monitor the creditworthiness of its customers, and reduce the risk of bad debts by only extending credit to customers that are deemed to be creditworthy.
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Nova Corporation hired a new product manager and agreed to provide her a $25,000 relocation loan on a six-month, 8 percent note. a. The company loans the money on January 1. b. The new employee pays Nova the interest owed on the maturity date. c. The new employee pays Nova the full principal owed on the maturity date. Required: Prepare journal entries to record the above transactions for Nova Corporation. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field. Do not round intermediate calculations.) View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 1 2 3 The company loans the money on January 1. Record the transaction. Note: Enter debits before credits. Date General Journal Debit January 01 Credit
The journal entry for the given transaction are: a) Dr. Cash 25,000 and Cr. Note Receivable 25,000; b) Dr. Cash 1,000 and Cr. Interest Receivable 1,000; and c) Dr. Note Receivable 25,000 and Cr. Cash 25,000.
Amount of relocation loan = $ 25,000
Rate of Interest = 8%
Time period = Six months
a) On January 1, the company loans the money. The journal entry to record the above transaction for Nova Corporation is:
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash 25,000
Note Receivable 25,000
January 1, the company issued a note receivable for $25,000 to the new product manager.
b) On the maturity date, the new employee pays the interest owed. The new product manager will pay interest on this loan for 6 months, and the interest will be $1,000 ($25,000 * 8% * 6/12).
Journal entry to record the interest income on maturity date is:
Account Titles Debit Credit
Cash 1,000
Interest Receivable 1,000
On the maturity date, the new employee will pay $25,000 + $1,000 = $26,000 to Nova Corporation.
c) On the maturity date, the new employee pays the full principal amount owed. On the maturity date, the journal entry to record the transaction when the new product manager pays the full principal amount owed.
Account Titles Debit Credit
Note Receivable 25,000
Cash 25,000
As Nova Corporation has received the full principal amount back from the new product manager, the note receivable is no longer valid. Thus, it can be removed from the balance sheet. The interest earned by the company in six months will be reported on the income statement.
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APA Clothing plant has a Divisional-Hybrid departmentalization. Accordingly which of the following are the correct departments? Manufacturing, Engineering. Accounting, Human Resources, and Purchasing. B) Children Clothing, Bahrain, Kuwait, Government, and Small Businesses. Government, Small Businesses, Large Businesses, Households, and Individuals. D) Muharrag Area Salmabad Industrial Area, and Sitra Industrial Area Question
The following are the correct departments Manufacturing. Engineering, Accounting, Human Resources, Purchasing
According to the given information, the APA Clothing plant has a Divisional-Hybrid departmentalization. Departmentalization is one of the critical aspects of organizing a business. It involves dividing a business into different units based on functions, products, geography, or customers. There are different types of departmentalization. APA Clothing plant is using Divisional-Hybrid departmentalization. This type of departmentalization involves dividing the organization into multiple divisions based on products, customers, or geography. In the case of the APA Clothing plant, there are multiple divisions based on different products.
In Divisional-Hybrid departmentalization, there are different departments for different functions. The departments in the APA Clothing plant are
Manufacturing
Engineering
Accounting
Human Resources
Purchasing
All these departments work together to achieve the goals of the organization. The manufacturing department is responsible for producing goods. The engineering department is responsible for designing and developing new products. The accounting department takes care of financial transactions, and the human resources department manages human resources, including hiring training, and employee benefits. The purchasing department is responsible for purchasing raw materials and other resources needed for the production process
The correct answer to the given question is option A
Manufacturing, Engineering, Accounting, Human Resources, and Purchasing. APA Clothing plant has a Divisional-Hybrid departmentalization, and the organization is divided into different departments based on products, customers, or geography. These departments work together to achieve the goals of the organization.
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Which of the following is a violation of the controlled business standard?
A
Offering a valuable inducement not specified in the contract in exchange for a sale
B
Earning more than 10% of one’s net commissions in any 12-month period from sales to family
C
Restricting one’s agent activity to representing insurers for which one holds an appointment
D
Committing any act that infringes on a purchaser’s freedom to choose insurers
A violation of the controlled business standard would be committing any act that infringes on a purchaser’s freedom to choose insurers. The correct option is option D.
A violation of the controlled business standard would be committing any act that infringes on a purchaser’s freedom to choose insurers. The correct option is option D. A controlled business is insurance coverage provided by an agent for an insurance company or a particular form of insurance policy.
The Controlled Business legislation was established to safeguard customers against the risk of the exploitation of such situations. The Controlled Business Standard This is the minimum set of conduct criteria that insurance brokers must adhere to. The regulated business standards cover professional knowledge and expertise, impartiality, care, and diligence, as well as conflicts of interest.
A violation of the controlled business standard is committing any act that infringes on a purchaser's freedom to choose insurers, such as offering a valuable inducement not specified in the contract in exchange for a sale, restricting one’s agent activity to representing insurers for which one holds an appointment, and earning more than 10% of one’s net commissions in any 12-month period from sales to family.
The basic principle of the standard is to ensure the protection of purchasers' interests against unethical business practices. Thus, insurance agents who breach these requirements face the risk of losing their licenses and facing other severe penalties.
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