Antigen presented on a MHC class II molecule. The antigen is delivered by the B-cell antigen receptor to intracellular locations, where it is broken down.
Sent back to the surface of the B-cell as peptides attached to MHC class II molecules. Armed helper T cells that are specific for an antigen can recognise the peptide: MHC class II complex, inducing them to produce proteins that cause the B cell to multiply and its offspring to develop into cells that secrete antibodies. In the absence of assistance from T cells, some microbial antigens can directly activate B cells. Many significant bacterial infections can be quickly responded to thanks to the B lymphocytes capacity to react directly to these antigens. However, the interaction of antigen-stimulated B cells with helper T cells and other cells is necessary for somatic hypermutation and switching to specific immunoglobulin isotypes.
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Which of the following Kingdoms does not contain Autotrophs?
A. Eubacteria
B. Plantae
C. Protista
D. Animalia
Answer:
b planted
Explanation:
Kingdom Plantae includes multicellular, autotrophic organisms. Except for a few species that are parasites, plants use photosynthesis to meet their energy demands. Kingdom Fungi includes multicellular and unicellular, heterotrophic fungi.
Animals are heterotrophic animals that belong to the kingdom Animalia. The correct option is D as it is the only one that is not included in autotrophs.
What is a kingdom?On the basis of characteristics such like cell structure, mode of nutrition, mode of reproduction, and body organization, living organisms are categorized into 5 kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, and Monera.
Animals are heterotrophic animals that belong to the kingdom Animalia. These are included under this category as they are not able to make their own food.
Thus, the correct option is D as it is the only one that is not included in autotrophs.
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PLEASE HELP 15 POINTS
Which of the following describes fossil evidence that supports biological evolution?
Fossils of an unknown species found in isolation from any other species
Fossils of an unknown species that is an intermediate form of two other species
Fossils of different species found within the same geographic area
Fossils of the same species found in a variety of geographic regions
Answer:
Fossils document the existence of now-extinct species, showing that different organisms have lived on Earth during different periods of the planet's history. They can also help scientists reconstruct the evolutionary histories of present-day species.
The following describes fossil evidence that supports biological evolution: fossils of an unknown species that is an intermediate form of two other species that are present in Option B, the second option.
What is "fossil evidence"?Fossil evidence is one of the most important forms of evidence that supports biological evolution. Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the past, and they provide valuable information about the history of life on Earth. Fossils can tell us about the age, morphology, behavior, and distribution of ancient organisms, and they can also provide evidence for how these organisms have changed over time. One of the most important types of fossils that support biological evolution is the transitional fossil.
Hence, the correct answer is fossils of an unknown species that is an intermediate form of two other species that are present in Option B, the second option.
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HELP ASAP PLEASEEEE
In a population of cats, a gene that controls an observable trait has several different alleles. Which of the following best explains how genetic drift might affect the genetic makeup of this cat population over time?
It is a directed process, so it might cause an increase in the gene pool's allele frequencies.
It is a nonselective process, so it might cause an allele to disappear from the gene pool by chance.
It is a random process, so it might cause a population to reach genetic equilibrium.
It is a selective process, so it might cause an increase in the population's genetic variation.
Answer:
It is a nonselective process so it might cause an allele to disappear from the gene pool by chance.
The ___________________________ is the current that spans the entire globe and forms in a large loop of circulating ocean water. This current is responsible for the balance of heat on Earth.
Answer:
ocean gyre
Explanation:
The ocean gyre may be defined as the large system of a circulating ocean currents that is formed as a result of wind patterns globally and by the forces created by the rotation of the Earth. It helps to create a large ocean conveyor belt that helps in circulating the ocean waters in the entire planets. Thus the ocean water keeps a check on the heat of the earth and maintains a balance of heat on the planet.
The ocean gyres makes the movement of the ocean water on the entire globe and thus forms a large loop of the circulating ocean water.
what are the characteristic of individual domain and kingdoms
Answer:
Only one set of genes, usually in a single-stranded loop. Lack sexual reproduction. Several chemical types of cell walls. Lack organelles such as centrioles, eukaryotic flagella, cilia, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
Explanation:
please help! Which of the following supports that eukaryotes share a common ancestry?
Genes that contain noncoding regions introns
Circular chromosomes that do not have terminal ends
Cells containing membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria
a, b
b, c
a, c
a, b, c
Answer:
a, c
Explanation:
Eukaryotes share a common ancestry, Genes that contain introns from non-coding regions, Cells containing membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria.
Eukaryotes share a common ancestry?Mitochondria are cellular organelles present in practically all eukaryotic cells and responsible for the process of cellular respiration. They are found in greater numbers in cells and in cellular regions where there is greater energy expenditure.
What is introns?Introns are sections of DNA located in a gene that are removed by RNA splicing during the production of mRNA or other functional RNA.
Whit this information, we can conclude that Eukaryotes share a common ancestry, Genes that contain introns from non-coding regions, Cells containing membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria.
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How does global warming affect solar energy in the atmosphere?
-decreased ice causes less energy to be reflected
-decrease ice causes more energy to be reflected
-increased ice causes more energy to be reflected
-increase ice causes less energy to be reflected
Answer:
-decrease ice causes more energy to be reflected
Explanation:
Ice is Earth's most reflective substance. Thus, it helps the Earth reflect solar IR, keeping humans cool. Due to global warming , ice decreased causing less energy to be reflected. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What is gobal warming?The long-term heating of the Earth's surface that has been observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) is referred to as global warming. This warming is the result of human activities, most notably the burning of fossil fuels, which raises the levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of the Earth.
The planet as a whole is experiencing an increase in temperature, and the poles are experiencing this increase at the quickest rate. As a direct consequence of this, ice sheets and glaciers are melting and receding. Therefore, although there is still a significant amount of snow and ice in the polar areas, there is a far smaller amount of it than there was in the past.
Therefore, option (A) is correct.
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PLEASE HELP
After concluding his research, which statement would virchow agree with? check all that apply.
Living things come from nonliving things
Cells can come from nonliving materials
Frogs can come from mud
Living things can only come from living things.
Cells come from pre-existing cells
Answer:
cells come from pre-existing cells
Please help meeeeeeeeeweewwwwweeeeee
Answer:
the answers are D, E and G
Explanation:
In order to grow larger, an anthropod must go through
Answer:
They must shed their exoskeleton, or molt, in order to grow. The exoskeleton splits open. the animal emerges and swells to a larger size until the newer, larger exoskeleton is hardened.
- Cyanide is a strong cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor. Cytochrome c is the last enzyme in the
electron transport chain. If cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found in which
of the organelles?
Cyanide binds to Fe3+ in heme-containing proteins. This inhibits the terminal cytochrome complex IV of the electron transport chain. The blocklock of complex IV by cyanide depletes ATP culminating in cell death. Oxygen is unable to reoxidize the reduced cytochrome a3. Thus, cellular respiration is inhibited, as well as ATP production, in essence depriving the cells, tissue, and, ultimately, the whole body of oxygen. Hypoxia evolves into metabolic acidosis and decreased oxygen saturation. The extent of lactic acidosis indicates the severity of the cyanide poisoning. In a collapsed individual, plasma lactate is an indicator of cyanide poisoning. In severe cyanide poisonings, up to 98% of the cyanide in the bloodstream is tightly bound to red blood cells. The ancillary response is myocardial depression and decline in cardiac output. Bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmia then develop into VF and cardiovascular collapse.
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PLEASE HELP ME ON QUESTION 10 ASAP!!!!!! GIVING 20 POINTS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
its B (:
Explanation:
Color blindness in humans is a sex linked trait. If the father has normal vision (XcY), and the mother is a carrier for the color blindness trait (Xc Xc), which percentage represents the chances of their sons being color blind?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
When would scientist be most likely to use the type of model shown in the illustration?
Answer:
When investigating the predator/prey relationships between the different organisms.
Explanation:
4 functions specific to sponges
Answer:
Although sponges do not have organized tissue, they depend on specialized cells, such as choanocytes, porocytes, amoebocytes, and pinacocytes, for specialized functions within their bodies. The mesohyl acts as a type of endoskeleton, helping to maintain the tubular shape of sponges.
Explanation:
this what I found when searching for the answer lol
What is an ionic compound?
Answer:
Ionic compounds are ion compounds. These ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. Metals tend to lose electrons, so they have a net positive charge and become cations. Non-metals tend to gain electrons, creating a net negative charge of anions.
Explanation:
Which of the following is true about our body's system?
a The skeletal system sends messages to the body
b Blood cells are pat of the nervous system
c The digestive system helps carbon dioxide leave the body through the lungs
d The digestive systems helps break down food into energy
Answer:
D. The digestive system helps break down food into energy.
Explanation:
Hope this helps! I am 100% certain that this is the correct answer.
Which term refers to a significant but short in duration physical change or event within an ecosystem
A. deforestation
B. succession
C. climax
D. disturbance
Students learned that the job of one body system is to filter out cellular
wastes, toxins, and excess water or nutrients. Which body system has
this function? *
A. Excretory system
B. Muscular system
C. Endocrine system
D. Skeletal system
HELP ME PLEASE ❤️
Answer:
A. Excretory system
hope it helps
What is groundwater used for in the United States?
A)
mining
B)
firefighting
C)
use in homes
D)
crop irrigation
E)
all of the above
Answer:
e.) all of the ABOVE
Explanation:
edg2021
Animals develop many types of defenses to avoid being eaten. Camouflage is just one type of defense. What are other types of defenses that prey species might use?
Answer:
For instance, prey species have defense adaptations that help them escape predation. These defenses may be mechanical, chemical, physical, or behavioral.
Explanation:
Other types of defense animals can develop are mechanical and chemical defences.
Types of defense mechanism.Defence mechanism are used by various animals to better adapt to their environment and escape from their predators.
The types of defense mechanism include:
Mechanical defences: such as the presence of thorns on plants or the hard shell on turtles, physically prevents the predator from being able to eat the prey.Chemical defenses: Some animals such as the millipede makes a noxious substance that irritates eyes and skin.Physical defences: A typical example is camouflage, which is the ability of organisms to disguise their appearance in order to blend in with their surroundings.Therefore, other types of defenses are mechanical and chemical defences.
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View the diagram below and answer the question.
(look at the screenshot its the diagram)
Based on the diagram above, put the steps of the rock cycle in order beginning with the formation of magma and moving clockwise.
1. Weathering and erosion
2. Formation of sedimentary rock
3. Compaction and cementation
4. Heat and pressure
5. Formation of igneous rock
6. Formation of metamorphic rock
SOMEONE PLS HELP ME I LITRALLY ASKED THIS SAME QUESTION 2HRS AGO AND IT DIDN'T GET ANSWERED PLEASE HELP PLSSS:(((((((((((((
Answer:
The correct order is - 5 > 1 > 3 > 2 > 4 > 6.
Explanation:
In the rock cycle if we start from the formation of magma and move clockwise following events will occur stepwise:
Magma will solidify or cool down into the igneous rock, igneous rocks will be intrusive and extrusive in order that will make sediments after the process of weathering and erosion of the igneous rock.
These sediments after burial, compaction, and cementation will form a new type of rock, sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are after a huge heat and pressure they will form metamorphic rock \.
What makes leaves stop turning green in the winter?
Answer:
It is because in winters there in mostly less sunlight as compared to summer and as we all know that plants need sunlight frim photo synthesis so in Winter there is less chance of leaves turting to green
Hooe it helps
Can someone explain to me the carbon cycle and a similar way
Answer:
The carbon cycle is nature's way of reusing carbon atoms, which travel from the atmosphere into organisms in the Earth and then back into the atmosphere over and over again. Most carbon is stored in rocks and sediments, while the rest is stored in the ocean, atmosphere, and living organisms.
Explanation:
Its the easiest way possible if you still didn't understand you can watch tutorials.
Life is to short to dwell on the past something happens move on scars wont heal if you keep reliving what gave those scars to you I'm always giving people advice that I dont follow myself I act like its so easy to forget or move on from the past but it isn't nothing is easy life is gonna throw a lot of stuff at you and what you think is the worst pain you'll ever feel theres more where that came from we wish to be older and when were older we wish to be younger Its not easy and its not always gonna be happy or sad you have a lot of emotions that your gonna use when your older we all have futures we just have to make it there it might seem bad now but it'll get better or it might seem great now and im very sorry to tell you this but it'll get worse we can't control others actions but we can control how they affect us or how we affect them there's light at the end of the tunnel theres no rainbow without the rain
I wish everyone a wonderful day stay in there you can and you will you just have to believe you can before you do :) bye bye
(sorry if i make no sence or spelled a lot of things wrong my eyes hurt )
Im here for y'all just friend me!
If you read all the way through just to make your night a lil better or you're genuinely not doing well. I can be a random internet stranger who will listen!
I understand how seeing other's say this or be positive makes you think it won't get better but it will, i was in a hospital 6 months ago and now im doing fine, on meds. I love you!
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST IF IS WRITTEN IN YOUR OWN WORDS
Explain how the angle of the sun effects
the seasons? How does the angle effect
the strength of the sunlight? How does
this effect the temperature?
Explanation:
it affects the temperature bcs where the sun hit example the equator it wont snow bcs its hot and in Antarctica its snow bcs it rarely can be exposed to sunlight and one of the reason to is bcs the earth rotates on its axis that why there day and night
Define monohybrid inheritance and law of segregation??
Please don't post invalid answer...!!
Answer:
In a monohybrid cross, both the alleles are expressed in the F2 generation without any blending. Thus, the law of segregation is based on the fact that each gamete contains only one allele. This law is based on four basic concepts: A gene exists in more than one form of an allele.
Explanation:
Can someone help me
Fossils in _______ layers of rock are generally estimated to be _______ than fossils found in the deeper layers. (3 points) Explain your answer for justification.
older, younger
newer, younger
older, older
newer, older
Answer: B) newer, younger
Explanation:
I took the test
Which of the following increases genetic variation by forming entirely new alleles?
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Mutation
Gene flow
Answer:
Mutation causes brand new alleles the others just modify the rates at which preexisting alleles appear in the population.